ME/CFS

ME/CFS is also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis and chronic fatigue syndrome. In the U.S. it is most commonly called chronic fatigue syndrome. In the ICD-11, it is listed under post-viral illnesses.

According to the ME/CFS treatment and research clinic, the Bateman Horne Center, traditional diagnostic markers and lab tests often fail to capture the extent of disability in these patients. To accurately assess impairment, clinicians must rely on patient history, questionnaires, validated symptom screening tools, and objective tests for autonomic dysfunction and cognitive impairment.

The Bateman-Horne Center identifies four criteria for diagnosis:

• Impairment of normal function accompanied by fatigue lasting at least 6 months;
• Post-Exertional Malaise (PEM) that is moderate to severe and present at least 50 percent of the time;
• Unrefreshing sleep that is moderate to severe and present at least 50 percent of the time;
• And cognitive impairment that is moderate to severe and present at least 50 percent of the time and/or orthostatic intolerance.

Additional symptoms include cognitive impairment; orthostatic intolerance; acute infection-like onset, flu-like symptoms, sore throat, tender lymph nodes, increased infections, new or worsened sensitivities; pain; cold extremities, temperature dysregulation, excessive sweating, loss of appetite, alcohol intolerance, weight changes; gastrointestinal symptoms.

On first instance, use chronic fatigue syndrome, commonly called ME/CFS or . On subsequent uses, use ME/CFS. The <abbr> for the ME/CFS is: <abbr title="Chronic Fatigue Syndrome">ME/CFS</abbr>.

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mental health

The World Health Organization defines mental health as a state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with the stresses of life, realize their abilities, learn well and work well, and contribute to their community. It is an integral component of health and well-being that underpins our individual and collective abilities to make decisions, build relationships and shape the world we live in. Mental health is a basic human right. And it is crucial to personal, community and socioeconomic development.

Do not confuse the term mental health with or use it as short hand for a mental health condition.

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mental health condition

Diagnosable disorders and illnesses ranging from mild to severe that affect a person’s mood, thinking, behavior, or a combination of the three. Treatments include a variety of psychological and psychiatric treatments such as therapies and medications. These conditions are outlined in the DSM.

Mental health conditions are not the same as having a poor state of mental health or not taking care of one’s mental health. One can have a poor state of mental health, such as having a high amount of stress, without having a mental health condition.

Due to the stigma associated with terms such as mental illness, mentally ill, mentally disabled, and similar terms, OAJ suggests to either specify the condition or use the phrase mental health condition.

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minimum wage

In the simplest terms, lowest wage an employer can pay to an employee as regulated by a government. In the U.S., federal, state, and local governments can set minimum wages.

The U.S. Department of Labor manages the federal minimum wage under the Fair Labor Standards Act. In 2007, the FSLA was amended to increase the national minimum wage to $7.25 per hour for non-tipped workers and $2.13 for tipped workers by July 24, 2009. It has not increased since.

Thirty states and one territory have a higher minimum wage than the federal minimum wage:

• Alaska;
• Arizona;
• Arkansas;
• California
• Colorado;
• Connecticut;
• Delaware;
• Florida;
• Hawaii;
• Illinois;
• Maine;
• Maryland;
• Massachusetts;
• Michigan;
• Minnesota;
• Missouri;
• Montana;
• Nebraska;
• Nevada;
• New Jersey;
• New Mexico;
• New York;
• Ohio;
• Oregon;
• Rhode Island;
• South Dakota;
• Vermont;
• Virginia;
• Washington;
• Washington D.C.;
• and West Virginia.

All remaining states and U.S. territories have either a minimum wage at or below the federal minimum wage, or no minimum wage at all. Many cities have also raised local minimum wages above their state minimum wage.

Also see Section 14(c).

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more than

The phrase more than is an adverbial phrase referring to the comparison of a greater or additional amount (that is, the word more) and therefore should be used with quantities.

Examples:

• They ordered more than a dozen eggs.
• More than 120 Republican representatives voted no.
• More than 4 reporters were hired.
• He needs more than a pound of ham.
• The company sold for more than $1 billion.

More than does not apply to measurements of distance or length, or spans of space even when using quantifying numbers; in these instances, use over.

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muckraking

A term coined for a type of investigative journalism practiced in the Progressive Era (1890s to 1920s) in which the journalists often became immersed in the story, sometimes living as or with their subjects to report the story. The most famous among the muckraking journalists are Ida B. Wells, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair, and Jacob Riis.

Today, the term is used for deep investigative reporting.

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multimedia

Referring to or pertaining to the use of multiple types of media. For example, a journalist who is trained to in both print and audio journalism would be a multimedia journalist. A news story that uses audio, video, and print would be a multimedia news story.

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multimodal

Devices or technology that can be operated in different ways.

For example, a video media player that allows users to view the video with or without captions; with or without an sign language interpretation; and with a primary audio track or with an alternative audio track called audio description is a multimodal video media player.

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